introduction: the presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of vermicomposting process in improve the microbial quality of the compost produced. methods: this experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory of school of health. in orde...

the comparative advantage of iran kiwi production and the effects of governmental applied policies on the production process of kiwi fruit investigated over the period 1998-2003 by using policy analysis matrix. iran has had comparative advantage in the production of this crop, but the profitability of this crop has been decreased in 1998-2003. the amount of domestic resource cost index has incr...

I empirically investigated the effect of three types of investment in acquiring technological knowledge (in-house R&D, importing foreign technology and purchasing domestic technology) on the innovation output of Chinese domestic firms in hi-tech industries. These investments on technology are assumed to generate different types of knowledge, which in turn contribute to the enhancement of the te...

Jinchuan yak, a newly discovered yak breed, not only possesses a large proportion of multi-ribs but also exhibits many good characteristics, such as high meat production, milk yield, and reproductive performance. However, there is limited information about its overall genetic structure, relationship with yaks in other areas, and possible origins and evolutionary processes. In this study, 7,693,...

Domestic innovations and technology imports play important roles in boosting relative demand for skilled labor force. These factors are in turn influenced by domestic R&D investments and international trade. Using a translog cost function, this paper studies the effect of technology imports and other factors including output level and physical capital stock on the shares of skilled labor force ...

the effective factors on the economic growth of iran during the first 5-year development plan are studied. the main characteristics of this period are that the first development plan began after the end of war during which some of the unused capacities of the war period were utilized. while the budget deficit was continued in this period the government also pursued policies such as devaluation ...

The effects of animal agriculture on the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) are cross-cutting and thus require a multidisciplinary perspective. Here we use ecological, epidemiological, and ethnographic methods to examine populations of Escherichia coli circulating in the production poultry farming environment versus the domestic environment in rural Ecuador, where small-scale poultry producti...

We examine the economic justification for providing investment subsidies to foreign-owned multinationals. These provide employment opportunities and generate demand for domestic intermediate inputs, produced by domestic workers with increasing returns to scale. Offering subsidies to multinationals may be in the national interest if the investment raises the net value of domestic production. Whe...