The c-Raf-1 kinase is converted into an oncoprotein by functional inactivation of its NH2-terminal regulatory domain and into a dominant-interfering protein by mutations that eliminate catalytic activity. This report describes a systematic charged residue-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the ATP-binding subdomain of the c-raf-1 gene. Two temperature-sensitive mutations were found, which were ...

background: lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated originally from sourdough are probably the best candidates as biopreservatives, because they are well adapted to the non-aseptic conditions in sourdough fermentation. the aim of the present study was to study antifungal properties of a dominant endogenous lab isolated from whole barley sourdough. methods: whole barley flour from a mixture of barle...

We combine optical and X-ray data for eight low redshift (z ∼ 0.06) poor groups of galaxies from the XI (XMM/IMACS) Groups Project to study the AGN population in the group environment. Among ∼ 140 group members, we identify five AGN based on their optical emission lines. None of these optically-selected AGN are detected by XMM-Newton. One additional AGN is discovered in the XMM-Newton observati...

Here we report novel phase-separation behavior accompanying mechanical fracture ("fracture phase separation"), which is observed in polymer solutions. Surprisingly, mechanical fracture becomes a dominant coarsening process of the phase separation. The transition from viscoelastic to fracture phase separation corresponds to the "ductile-to-brittle transition" in fracture of materials under shear...

Negotiation is a dynamic process in which negotiators change their strategies in response to each other. We believe mutual adaptation is best conceptualized as an emergent process and is a critical determinant of negotiators’ abilities to identify mutually beneficial solutions. We argue that two factors drive the process of negotiation and influence the quality of agreements: alignment of negot...