Hydraulic fracturing in the fractured reservoirs plays a significant impact on the production rate. In this study, the hydrostatic condition is taken into account, the hydraulic fracturing operation was applied in every direction usinga written distinct element code. In each direction the hydraulic fracture is applied with different lengths and in each level the amount of production is predicte...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: bedrock fractures threshold slopes landslides landscape evolution erosion Bedrock fracturing and rock strength are widely believed to influence landscape morphology and erosional resistance. Yet, understanding of the quantitative relationship between rock-mass strength and landscape evolution remains limited. Here we present a new application of seismic refractio...

The development of most unconventional oil and gas resources relies upon subsurface injection of very large volumes of fluids, which can induce earthquakes by activating slip on a nearby fault. During the last 5 years, accelerated oilfield fluid injection has led to a sharp increase in the rate of earthquakes in some parts of North America. In the central United States, most induced seismicity ...

Electron micrographs of directcarbon replicas having magnifications of 5400 to 23, 500 times reveal in detail the grain size, shape, and packing of the particles comprising very fine-grained limestones. At these magnifications, however, only portions of a few grains in mediumor coarsegrained limestones can be observed. Grain contacts are mostly curvilinear in very fine-grained limestones but ar...

We investigate the role of disorder on the fracturing process of heterogeneous materials by means of a two-dimensional fuse network model. Our results in the extreme disorder limit reveal that the backbone of the fracture at collapse, namely, the subset of the largest fracture that effectively halts the global current, has a fractal dimension of 1.22 ± 0.01. This exponent value is compatible wi...

Optimal paths play a fundamental role in numerous physical applications ranging from random polymers to brittle fracture, from the flow through porous media to information propagation. Here for the first time we explore the path that is activated once this optimal path fails and what happens when this new path also fails and so on, until the system is completely disconnected. In fact many appli...

OBJECTIVE Trauma-associated cartilage fractures occur in children and adolescents with clinically significant incidence. Several studies investigated biomechanical injury by compressive forces but the injury-related stress has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we hypothesized that the biomechanical stress occurring during compressive injury predetermines the biomechanical, bioch...

The expense, danger, planning and precision required to create explosions suggests that the computational visual modelling of explosions is worthwhile. However, the short time scale at which explosions occur, and their sheer complexity, poses a difficult modelling challenge. After describing the basic phenomenology of explosion events, we present an efficient computational model of isotropic bl...

High-volume hydraulic fracturing, a drilling simulation technique commonly referred to as "fracking," is a contested technology. In this article, we explore discourse over hydraulic fracturing and the shale industry on the social media platform Twitter during a period of heightened public contention regarding the application of the technology. We study the relative prominence of negative messag...