The Developmental Systems approach to evolution is defended against the alternative ‘extended replicator’ approach of Sterelny, Smith and Dickison (1996). A precise definition is provided of the spatial and temporal boundaries of the ‘life-cycle’ that DST claims is the unit of evolution. Pacé Sterelny et al., the extended replicator theory is not a bulwark against excessive holism. Everything w...

In this paper, the behavior of free vibrations and buckling of the sandwich panel with a flexible core was investigated using a new improved ‎high-order sandwich panel theory. In this theory, equations of motion were formulated based on shear stresses in the core. First-order shear deformation theory was ‎applied for the procedures. In this theory, for the first time, incompatibility problem of...

Industrial plants are subjected to very dangerous events. Therefore, it is very essential to carry out an efficient risk and safety analysis. In classical applications, risk analysis treats event probabilities as certain data, while there is much penurious knowledge and uncertainty in generic failure data that will lead to biased and inconsistent alternative estimates. Then, in order to achieve...

This paper investigates the critical stable sectional area (CSSA) of downstream surge tank (DST) hydropower plant with sloping ceiling tailrace tunnel (SCTT). Firstly, two types nonlinear mathematical model SCTT during transient process are established. Then, criterion operation stability is obtained based on theory. Formulae for CSSAs DST under derived. Finally, similarities, differences, and ...

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key antituberculosis drug, yet no rapid susceptibility test is commercially available. PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed directly on sputum samples from 327 patients and compared with the indirect method by using the Bactec MGIT 960 system in the context of patient screening for participation in a drug trial. Compared to standard indirect PZA DST, direc...

Dural sinus thrombosis (DST) has been reported in association with cancer in both adults and children. We describe the seven patients seen with this complication in our centre between 1981 and 1995. Diagnosis was confirmed by either cerebral CT scanning, MRI or angiography. Median age was 13 years (range 8-15). Six patients were boys. Six children were being treated for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and...

this paper studies the dynamic behavior of price elasticity and its effects on the overall profit. although price elasticity has a significant effect on sales, its dynamics have not been examined so far in pricing models. in this paper, a simple pricing model is suggested in which, price elasticity is considered dynamic. the suggested pricing model is concerned with a monopolist that its object...

dynamic game theory is applied to analyze the timber market in northern iran as a duopsony. the nash equilibrium and the dynamic properties of the system based on marginal adjustments are determined. when timber is sold, the different mills use mixed strategies to give sealed bids. it is found that the decision probability combination of the different mills follow a special form of attractor an...

There is common agreement that an appropriate framework for training and adaptation needs to consider the complexity and non-linearity of athletic performance and its response to training. General concepts like dynamical systems theory (DST) deal with such characteristics under the idea of self-organizing systems but still lack of empirical verification in the field of training and adaptation. ...

With on-demand routing, a router maintains routing information for only those destinations that need to be reached by the router. The approaches used to date to eliminate long-term or permanent loops in on-demand routing consist of obtaining complete routes to destinations dynamically, or obtaining only the next hops to destinations and validating the information using sequence numbers or inter...