serum copper, zinc and the cu/zn ratio were measured in 55 patients with breast disease (20 with benign breast disease and 35 patients with breast cancer) and 30 healthy subjects. the mean serum copper levels were higher in breast cancer than in benign breast diseases (127.5 µg/dl versus 92.4 µg/dl) (p<0.0005) and controls (127.5 µg/dl versus 75.6 µg/dl) (p<0.0005). patients with advanced breas...

BACKGROUND Early onset breast cancer is associated with poor outcomes but variable results have been reported. It is a significant problem in Pakistani women but remains under reported. Breast conservation plays an important role in surgical management of this younger patient group. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of breast conservative therapy in patients with early on...

of the ways to fight breast cancer and reduce deaths hazard due to early detection is one of early detection programs in women's breast self- examination. examining breast by oneself increase individuals knowledge of her breast health that helps in detecting breast cancer early. different cultural, social, family and individual factors play roles in women's behavior about breast self- examinati...

To examine DNA methylation profiles in breast tumors of women with a strong breast cancer family history, we measured methylation by bisulfite sequencing in 40 genes in 40 breast tumor tissues from women in the Breast Cancer Family Registry. We selected candidate genes from analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) breast data. Compared to TCGA breast cancer, BCFR cases are younger and...

OBJECTIVE To correlate mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 with family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative for women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 who do not have a personal or family history of ovarian cancer. METHODS Family history for women with breast cancer diagnosed before age 45 was provided by ordering physicians via a test requisition form designed for this purp...

RAD51, RAD52, and RAD54 encode proteins that are critical to the repair of double-strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination. The physical interactions among the products of RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 have suggested that the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility genes may function, at least in part, in this DNA damage repair pathway. Given the observation that different genes within a co...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of brain metastasis as a relatively rare complication of epithelial ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Some observations suggest that brain metastases from ovarian cancer are becoming more common and that ovarian cancers, which metastasize to the brain, may have a different biological pattern. METHODS Data were extracted from the Edinburgh Ovarian Cancer Database...

B reast cancer is the third most common form of cancer worldwide, after lung and stomach cancer, and is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The age-adjusted incidence rates of breast cancer are 176% higher in developed than developing countries. In Singapore, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the incidence rate in 1993–1997 was 2.3 times higher than in 1968–1972, ...