With the rapid spread of international financial crisis and the stagnation of world economic growth, the Xinjiang international trade is facing a very serious challenge. How to improve the international competitiveness is not only the need of the development of their own living, but also related to the development of national economy is healthy sustainable and stable or not in Xingjian. Therefo...

Several recent theories emphasize the negative effects of an aging population on economic growth, either because of the lower labor force participation and productivity of older workers or because aging will create an excess of savings over desired investment, leading to secular stagnation. We show that there is no such negative relationship in the data. If anything, countries experiencing more...

Nigeria has endured two decades of economic stagnation. Despite the country’s rich natural and human resources, its per capita gross domestic product of $860 (in 2004) is one of the lowest in the world.3 In addition, Nigeria has experienced the deterioration of its democratic institutions, long periods of ethnic and civil war, and a series of military coups. In fact, military rule ended only in...

It is estimated that Italian Mafias registered €135 billion in profits only in 2010 (SOS Impresa, 2010). Part of this huge amount of money – coming mostly from the drugs, prostitution and arms illicit markets – is often used to invest into the legitimate private economy. At the end of 2011, for instance, several former members of the Camorra – an organised crime group1 based in Naples, Italy – ...

This is an analysis of maternal survival of up to 13,202 mothers following 56,546 births in south central Slavonia (Croatia) in the period 1714-1898, using automated family reconstitution of 23,307 marriages, 112,181 baptisms, and 94,077 burials from seven contiguous Catholic parishes. Physiological factors have the effects commonly expected. Maternal risk is increased by general economic and s...

The latest and the most elaborate theory describing economic growth is the Unified Growth Theory (Galor, 2005, 2011). The theory, or model, describing the growth of human population is the Demographic Transition Theory (see for instance Caldwell, 1976, 2006; Casterline, 2003; Coale, 1973; Haupt & Kane, 2005; Kirk, 1996; Landry, 1934; Lee, 2003; Lehr, 2009; McFalls, 2007; Notestein, 1945; Olshan...

This introductory chapter focuses on the concept of development. The low standard of living of the mass of the population in developing countries is singled out as the key issue in development. The development of per capita income over time and the factors that influence economic development or stagnation are important topics in this book. However, the interplay between economic and non-economi...

Various factors that can effect thermal blooming in stagnation zone situations are examined, including stagnation-zone motion, longitudinal air motion in the neighborhood of the stagnation zone, and the effects o f scenario noncoplanarity. O f these effects, only the last offers reasonable hope o f reducing the strong thermal blooming that normally accompanies stagnation zones; in particular, n...