S tructural change is defined as a change in the relative weight of the important constituents of the macro-economic indicator such as production, taxes, imports and exports, workforce etc. Since the structure change is one of the main reasons for the growth and economic development of countries, the investigation of the trend of changes in economic important constituents is important. Tax...

As a vital element affecting economic efficiency, the impact of marine industrial structure upgrading on economy has become hot topic, and China is not an exception. This paper analyzed dynamic relationship efficiency to verity “structural bonus” “cost disease” effects. The results confirmed existence cost disease in China’s economy, although occasionally it illustrated structural bonus effects...

the object of the regional planning is optimum use of resource for the development of regions. one of the most important items in regional development is the recognition of spatial and economical structure of the region. middle sized cities, have the secondary role in the study of economical structure of the regions. global experiments demonstrate that lack of attention to the role of secondary...

Another way of classifying public spending is by economic transactions, for example employee compensation, financing subsidies, cash transfers such as social or unemployment benefits, and intermediate consumption (i.e. procurement goods services from the private sector that are used in government production). This classification distinct expenditures function, which groups thematic categories (...