during the past few years, modeling in agriculture has attracted considerable attention. new modeling methods including neural networks are employed in various industries, and it is necessary that their use in agriculture be also considered. this research addressed the trend of energy use in broiler farms in alborz province and sought to model the trend of energy consumption and production in t...

The strong pace of improvement in coal industry labor productivity has been a major reason for the decline in coal minemouth prices that has taken place since 1979. The Annual Energy Outlook 2000 (AEO2000) forecast projects that labor productivity on a national basis will improve on average at a rate of 2.3 percent per year between 1998 and 2020, declining from an annual rate of 6.1 percent ach...

In this paper, the bootstrapping Malmquist index is used to derive the productivity levels of Iranian steam power plants for the period of 2007e2012. The research shows that the average level of productivity has significantly decreased. It was also indicated that technological changes have had more effects on productivity than efficiency changes. To study the influence of various explanatory fa...

The optimal strategy and the implied costs of a stringent climate protection objective are uncertain and potentially large. The uncertainties arise from the growth and flexibility of energy demand and of low carbon energy supply. Carbon capture and sequestration is an option to reduce the economic costs of ambitious climate protection strategies, when energy demand and supply turns out to be in...

Greater energy conservation, continued increases in productivity and real wages, and sustained economic growth are goals pursued today by almost all national governments. Since the 1973 OPEC energy price increases, however, disappointing economic trends in the United States, Canada and elsewhere have focused attention on the extent to which these goals are compatible. In particular, the post-19...

Since the Brazilian inclusion in the global market, search for productivity and product quality improvement became essential for the companies to survive. However, due to energy costs rise, national steel industries are investing in electrical power generation in partnership with energy supply companies aiming at overall cost reduction. Therefore, actions that search for energy consumption redu...

Based on the international community’s analysis of the present CO2 emissions situation, a Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition model is proposed in this paper, aiming to reflect the decomposition of carbon productivity. The model is designed by analyzing the factors that affect carbon productivity. China’s contribution to carbon productivity is analyzed from the dimensions of influencing...

The relationship between energy availability and species richness (the species-energy relationship) is one of the best documented macroecological phenomena. However, the structure of species distribution along the gradient, the proximate driver of the relationship, is poorly known. Here, using data on the distribution of birds in southern Africa, for which species richness increases linearly wi...