Being Trilingual is no longer a strange phenomenon as it may have been sometime back. In fact, in urban settings Kenya, children are learning English third language (L3) rather than second (L2). Canale and Swain (1980) propose that communicative competence comprises four competencies, namely: Linguistic, Sociolinguistic, Strategic, Discourse competencies Of concern this study the sociolinguisti...

Choosing the correct target words is a difficult problem for machine translation. In cross-language information retrieval, this problem of choice is mitigated since more than one translation alternative can be retained in the target query. Between choosing just one word as a translation and keeping all the possible translations for each source word, one can apply a range of filtering techniques...

We investigate how lexicons of languages in contact are merged to generate a fused lexicon for the code-mixed variety. Using the HPSG formalism, we develop computational lexicons for Hindi and English, and explore how these can be merged to obtain a fused-lect lexicon. We consider the HindiEnglish Code Switching variety (HECS), a stable variety that has resulted from contact between these langu...

In the present communication-based society, no natural language seems to have been left untouched by the trends of code-mixing. For different communicative purposes, a language uses linguistic codes from other languages. This gives rise to a mixed language which is neither totally the host language nor the foreign language. The mixed language poses a new challenge to the problem of machine tran...

Most Text to Speech (TTS) systems today assume that the input text is in a single language and is written in the same language that the text needs to be synthesized in. However, in bilingual and multilingual communities, code mixing or code switching occurs in speech, in which speakers switch between languages in the same utterance. Due to the popularity of social media, we now see code-mixing ...

This study aims to describe the forms of code-switching and code-mixing as well causal factors found in film Earth Mankind by Hanung Bramantyo. research is a qualitative descriptive using sociolinguistic approach. The data collection technique used this observing noting technique. subject Bumi Manusia Based on that has been done, there are code switching mixing causative occur dialogue between ...