Cell-based therapies have been in use in veterinary medicine for years. However, the legal requirement of manufacturing, placing on the market and use of cell-based veterinary pharmaceuticals are not as well developed as the respective requirements of chemical pharmaceuticals. Cell-based veterinary pharmaceuticals are medicinal products in the sense of the pharmaceutical law of the European Uni...

there are many problems that usually r & d centers and organizations in the decision making and achieve its higher goals, are faced with.such as the density of information in the administrative departments, human resources information and facilities and equipment. the researcher had to make it investigate effective factors in improving management information systems in private banks accordi...

This paper presents the results of a pioneering venture into opening up the black box of the EU judicial process and determining how the European Court of Justice and national courts work together. The project investigates the effects of certain independent variables legal system experience, issue transparency and compliance upon courts’ decisions to maneuver strategically within the referral p...

Unsolicited commercial communications now represent more than fifty per cent of the e-mail traffic in the European Union and around the world. This paper is about the legal EU approach to such an issue. Through the analysis of the evolution of the legislative framework, it aims to define, under a legal perspective, what spam is, to explain why the opt-in choice has been adopted by the EU, and t...

This paper investigates the application of text similarity techniques to automatically detect the transposition of European Union (EU) directives into the national law. Currently, the European Commission (EC) resorts to time consuming and expensive manual methods like conformity checking studies and legal analysis for identifying national transposition measures. We utilize both lexical and sema...

Over the past four decades, the transnational business community has successfully built a private system of transnational governance: the new Lex Mercatoria. The actors who operate this system – firms, their lawyers, international arbitrators, and legal academics – have evolved, and use, ‘a-national’ principles of contract and a system of private ‘courts’ to organize and regulate cross-border c...