This research explores how increased gender diversity on corporate boards in Iceland, driven by applying a “hard” public policy, i.e., board quota legislation, has affected post-quota directors’ perceptions of functioning. study falls into the growing literature (Boshanna, 2021; Li et al., 2020). Directors’ opinions towards decision-making and monitoring activities are researched, as well their...

In this paper, we investigate whether a regulation that mandates a greater proportion of outside directors on a corporate board results in a more independent board. Instead of taking the fraction of outside directors directly as the measure of board independence, we define it as the nominal independence level. The real independence level of the board is determined by both the nominal independen...

To achieve balance, equality, and elimination of prejudices, as well as the full development of organizations, ‎women need to be able to participate in the decision making process at various levels of the organization.‎‏ ‏In recent years, in the employment rate of women in society has increased significantly. The reason is the ‎remarkable competencies in women’s management style. Therefore, a n...

Notwithstanding the important role non-executive directors’ play in corporate governance and the increasing attention they receive from regulators, research on non-executives is still in its infancy. UK Corporate Governance Code does not specify how the roles of non-executive directors should be carried out, but yet the importance of such roles is crucial to the notion of governance. In conjunc...

The growing number of corporate scandals globally highlights the importance effective governance mechanisms. Many frameworks that are rooted in agency theory advocate election independent non-executive directors, an chairperson, and a lead director. Shareholder voting on or re-election directors (hereafter referred to as ‘director re-elections’) has been largely unexplored South Africa—a countr...

Superintendence, direction and control of preparation of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of elections, to Parliament and state legislatures and elections to the offices of President and Vic-President of India are vested in the Election Commission of India. It is an independent constitutional authority set up in pursuance of Article 324(1) of the Constitution of India. The literature on cor...

This paper presents an empirical study of changes that firms implement in their board-level IT governance (ITG) upon experiencing operational IT failures. Consistent with the separation of oversight from management decisions, boardlevel ITG is responsible for monitoring managerial IT decisions and policies for controlling IT resources. We expect that operational IT failures indicating inadequac...

The Independent Evaluation Group is an independent unit within the World Bank Group; it reports directly to the Bank's Board of Executive Directors. IEG assesses what works, and what does not; how a borrower plans to run and maintain a project; and the lasting contribution of the Bank to a country's overall development. The goals of evaluation are to learn from experience, to provide an objecti...

This paper is a contribution to the draft rural development strategy for the World Bank, which is currently pending approval by the Board of Executive Directors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the author's own and should not be attributed to the World Bank, its management, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Some of the numbers quoted are estim...