abstract- efficient use of irrigation water for summer crops should be considered seriously due to rare occurrence of precipitation in summer. this research was focused on the assessment of water use efficiency for dominant crops of summer cropping pattern in the study area (i.e., maize and rice) via considering water productivity (wp) with different water management scenarios at farm level at ...

we study the effect of education and its expenditures, especially in higher education, on poverty and income inequality. using the keynesian approach it is shown that education, from the theoretical point of view, lowers poverty and income inequality level. in an empirical work we, used the data including 111 observations from 91 countries, with different human development levels, and concluded...

Income mobility is often thought to equalize permanent incomes and thereby to improve social welfare. The welfare analysis of mobility often fails, however, to account for the cost of the variability of periodic incomes around permanent incomes. This paper assesses the net welfare benefit of mobility by assuming both a social aversion to inequality in permanent incomes and an individual aversio...

The risk of income fluctuations affects suicidal behaviour. First, an increase in this risk makes risk-averse households more likely to commit suicide by reducing their expected utility. Second, the increased risk makes them less likely to commit suicide by creating a value to waiting for the economy to improve. This paper lays out a theoretical model of suicide to assess the net impact of inco...

• Food prices have been rising since 2000, spiked in early 2008, and may remain high for another ten years • Prompt action is needed to protect the poorest and support low-income countries faced by surging import bills • In the medium term, economic and agricultural growth can offset the damage, but this will require more determined efforts to boost food production Soaring food prices pose prob...

In the U.S. there are large differences across States in the extent to which college education is subsidized, and there are also large differences across States in the proportion of college graduates in the labor force. State subsidies are apparently motivated in part by the perceived benefits of having a more educated workforce. The paper uses the migration model of Kennan and Walker (2011) to...

A dynamic model is presented of a household’s joint production, storage, and trade decisions under price risk, region-wide and idiosyncratic yield risk, and explicit transaction costs. Balancing the goals of profit maximization and hedging against consumption price risk, grain management decisions are nonlinear, interdependent functions of the market price and household grain availability and f...

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of mudharabah income, musyarakah income and murabahah either partially or jointly on net profit at PT Bank BCA Syariah. The method used in this research is a descriptive verification with quantitative approach. sample monthly financial report Syariah for period 2019 – 2021. data processed using SPSS version 25 which analyze mudharaba...