systematic research on english language teachers' perceptions of research has not yet shown whether or not ‘teacher research’ is acceptably understood and carried out in institutions of higher education worldwide. moreover, understanding cross-cultural (mis)conceptions of and barriers to research is an important initial step in promoting teacher research engagement. this article explores percep...

this study was conducted to examine the impact of formative and summative assessment in the professional development of iranian efl instructors at universities. moreover, an attempt was made to figure out whether the formative assessment is more effective than the summative assessment. since the present work is qualitative/quantitative research in nature, it was conducted within the ethnography...

Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. The main purpose of this study was to explore the role of Internet in the professional development of teachers working in agricultural schools in Kermanshah Province (N=35). Census survey was used due to the small size of the statistical population. A questionnaire was developed ba...

ABSTRACT Why hasn’t Uruguay enfranchised emigrants yet? This study examines an underresearched case of nonenfranchisement and engages with debates on external voting, diaspora politics, citizenship beyond borders. Building qualitative participatory methods, the analysis unveils obstacles to franchise reform despite significant progress from 2004 2019. Although voting was not enacted legally, em...

Introduction: Health master plan is a tool designed to promote health and it is essential to define strategies, policies, and directions to health system programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to find obstacles to intersectoral planning and help it to implement. Methods: This was a qualitative and content analysis study (Mixed method). The study participants consisted of 12 managers an...

To improve the quality of research, it is necessary to understand the obstacles to undertaking research. This study aimed to identify: I) internal obstacles to research as considered by faculty members at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; ii) differences between their viewpoints by gender and professional variables; and iii) the effect of these obstacles on research activity. Six types of ...

BACKGROUND External supervision of primary healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries often has a managerial main purpose in which the role of support for professional development is unclear. AIM To explore how Rwandan primary healthcare supervisors and providers (supervisees) perceive evaluative and formative functions of external supervision. DESIGN Qualitative, exploratory...