Most downsizing operations exhibit high financial returns, but their economic returns crucially depend on their design. After briefly comparing public sector employment across countries, this paper analyzes the optimal design of downsizing operations from a microeconomic perspective. It first discusses how to identify redundant workers when individual productivity is observable, as is often the...

We study the impact of outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) on galaxy formation. Outflows move into the surrounding intergalactic medium (IGM) and heat it sufficiently to prevent it from condensing onto galaxies. In the dense, high-redshift IGM, such feedback requires highly energetic outflows, driven by a large AGN. However, in the more tenuous low-redshift IGM, equivalently strong ...

Corporate executives and shareholders seem to take it as an article of faith that reductions in force and the savings they generate are a necessary evil when earnings numbers are declining. Others start a priori with the fact that downsizing is wrong because of the damage inflicted on individuals, communities, and society. In their ardor to take action before year-end or to demonstrate that the...

Microreactor technology represents a new and promising approach to carry out analytical and organic chemistry. 1 This is mainly due to the numerous advantages, especially in terms of increased surfaceto-volume ratio as a result of the downsizing of the dimensions (order of microns). This allows a better and faster mixing between the components of a reaction. The small dimensions created within ...

TH E H O SP I T AL I N D U STR Y I N the United States is undergoing widespread reorganization that includes restructuring of the workforce. Surveys reveal that nurses now working in hospitals have serious concerns about the impact of such staffing changes on quality of care and the safety of patients. Media coverage of changes taking place in hospitals and hospital care echoes nurses’ warnings...