Previous studies have suggested that focusing an element can enhance the activation of the focused element and bring about a number of processing benefits. However, whether and how this local prominence of information interacts with global discourse organization remains unclear. In the present study, we addressed this issue in two experiments. Readers were presented with four-sentence discourse...

This study was inspired by VanPatten and Uludag’s (2011) study on the transferability of training via processing instruction to output tasks and Mori’s (2002) work on the development of talk-in-interaction during a group task. An interview was devised as the pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest to compare four intervention types for teaching the simple past passive: traditional intervention ...

A system for applying local hyperthermia employing ultrasonic transducers with annular focusing lenses gave better temperature uniformity in small fibrosarcomas than conventional unfocused transducers. The lenses were designed for ultrasonic frequencies of 3, 4, 5 and 9 MHz for tumors approximately 6 mm dia. Tests in degassed water indicated that the focusing lenses concentrated approx. 80% of ...

Characterizing the wave field produced by an ultrasonic transducer is one important part of developing a complete measurement model of an ultrasonic NDE system. Within the paraxial approximation [1], this wave field can be expressed as a quasi plane wave field modified by a diffraction correction tenn to account for the 3-D effects of having a finite beam generated by the transducer. Previously...

We report a photoacoustic imager that utilizes a focused laser beam in combination with a 20 MHz ultrasound focusing transducer to obtain micron-resolution tissue images over a long working distance. The imager is based on a ring transducer that combines ultrasonic and laser beams collinearly and confocally in a monolithic element. The combination of focused laser beam and short pulse irradiati...

Shock waves are defined as types of acoustic pressure waves that develop during sudden releases of energy. The best-known natural phenomenon is thunder following lightning. Another example is the “bang” an aircraft produces when it breaks the sound barrier. Both focused shock waves and unfocused sound waves are produced in these examples. Additionally, almost all other forms of energy are relea...

The purpose of this project is to investigate the advantages in dose distribution and delivery of proton beams focused by a triplet of quadrupole magnets in the context of potential radiosurgery treatments. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using various configurations of three quadrupole magnets located immediately upstream of a water phantom. Magnet parameters were selected to match what...