Among the least studied issues in history of Sultanate Mamluks, there are principles and dynamics Mamluks’ interaction with administrative system represented by local elite. The article considers connected transformation Mamluk which took place during Burji period (1382–1517). As early as thirteenth — fourteenth centuries, a gradual displacement representatives civilian population from various ...

The Quranic concept of lapidating devils with meteors has received a variety of interpretations throughout Islamic history. In the past, it was interpreted to mean heavenly meteors thrown at devils in order to prevent them from giving ear to heavenly tidings. However, in the fourteenth century AH and as a result of modern scientific achievements, different non-literal interpretations were sugge...

The monastery of Däbrä Ṣǝyon (Abunä Abrǝham), situated on a peak the eastern chains Gärʿalta mountains, is one well-known medieval Ethiopian monasteries. It said to have been established in fourteenth century by St Abrǝham Tǝgray. According his own gädl, Abunä was not only founder monastery, but also known be an active participant and director architectural work rock-hewn church. that endowed w...