Under the assumption of gene-environment independence, unknown/unmeasured environmental factors, irrespective of what they may be, cannot confound the genetic effects. This may lead many people to believe that genetic heterogeneity across different levels of the studied environmental exposure should only mean gene-environment interaction--even though other environmental factors are not adjusted...

This review summarizes the carcinogenic effects of tobacco smoke and the basis for interaction between tobacco smoke and genetic factors. Examples of published papers on gene-tobacco interaction and cancer risk are presented. The assessment of gene-environment interaction in tobacco-related cancers has been more complex than originally expected for several reasons, including the multiplicity of...

Genotype by environment (GxE) interaction can reduce genetic gain because there is often insufficient information for accurate selection in each environment. Genomic selection may be a useful method to reduce the impact of GxE interaction as measurement in different environments may be propagated over more selection candidates. We compared the value of testing the performance of relatives and/o...

Psychosis spectrum disorder has a complex pathoetiology characterized by interacting environmental and genetic vulnerabilities. The present study aims to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction using aggregate scores (polygenic risk score: PRS-SCZ) environment liability for schizophrenia (exposome ES-SCZ) across psychosis continuum.

In this article, the authors propose to simultaneously test for marginal genetic association and gene-environment interaction to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms that may be involved in gene-environment or genetreatment interaction. The asymptotic independence of the marginal association estimator and various interaction estimators leads to a simple and flexible way of combining the 2 t...

Lack of power is a pertinent problem in many case-control studies of gene-environment interactions. The authors recently introduced the concept of flexible matching strategies with varying proportions of a matching factor among selected controls (degree of matching) to increase the power and efficiency of case-control studies. In this study, they extended the concept of flexible matching strate...