Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) intermediates across membranes is an essential but poorly understood process in eukaryotic and bacterial glycosylation pathways. Membrane proteins defined as translocases or flippases are implicated to mediate the translocation reaction. The membrane protein Wzx has been proposed to mediate the translocation across the plasma membrane of lipop...

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric tumor type, which is classified based on histological criteria into two major subgroups, namely embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The majority, but not all, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma carry the specific PAX3(7)/FKHR-translocation, whereas there is no consistent genetic abnormality recognized in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. To gain additional...

Cytogenetic analysis of liposarcomas has demonstrated that translocation (12;16) (q13.3;p11.2) is characteristic of the myxoid subtype of this adipose tissue tumor. Our previous results suggested that the GLI gene is close to the translocation breakpoint on chromosome 12. We now describe a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) that contains GLI and spans the chromosome 12 region involved in the t(1...

We studied the characteristics and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) expression and determined the need for genetic analysis in routine diagnostics. Of 848 consecutive cases, 75 showed microscopic features suggestive of Xp11.2 translocation RCC or occurred in patients 40 years or younger. Of these cases, 17 (23%) show...

The t(14;18)(q21;q34) BCL2 translocation is a common genetic alteration in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, it is not invariably associated with BCL2 gene overexpression due to undefined mechanisms that regulate expression from the proximal immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) promoter. The BACH2 transcriptional repressor is able to modulate activity of this promoter. Here we ...

background: the secondary genetic changes other than the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor (pml-rara) fusion gene may contribute to the acute promyelocytic leukemogenesis. chromosomal alterations and mutation of flt3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) tyrosine kinase receptor are the frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia. however, the prognostic significance of flt3 mutat...

Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloid that can enter food chain through ingestion As contaminated water or food, posing a serious threat to human health. Among cereals, rice could contain highest amount because special growing conditions. Therefore, importance reduction concentration in essential. Many studies have been conducted understand mechanism arsenic uptake, accumulation and t...