Recent years have witnessed a parallel and seemingly contradictory trend towards both the standardization and the customization of healthcare and medical treatment. Here, we explore what is meant by ‘standardization’ and ‘customization’ in healthcare settings and explore the implications of these changes for healthcare delivery. We frame the paradox of these divergent and opposing factors in te...

to provide the validated and standardized form of the persian version of the ages and stages questionnaires as an appropriate developmental screening tool for evaluation of iranian children's development.this was a cross-sectional study. translation and back-translation, content validity determination, cultural and lingual modifications, pilot study on 100 parents and inter-rater reliability de...

to improve the quality of the mcqs, a supervising feedback strategy between the examination constructors and the educational development office of the school of traditional medicine was performed to evaluate the content validity and designation of the course items of the phytotherapy exam for phd students of traditional pharmacy. the efforts resulted in a well-constructed examination.

marketers apply a variety of approaches to attract customers and gain more profits. one method is the utilization of nostalgia marketing. the use of nostalgic sport characters has not been sufficiently studied. this research determined the reliability and validity of the questionnaires presented in the studies evoked nostalgia by pascal et al. (2002), familiarity with nostalgic character by mey...

It is predicted that mobile applications will become an integral part of our lives at the personal and professional level. Mobile Payment (MP) is a promising and exciting domain that has been rapidly developing recently, and although it can still be considered in its infancy, great hope is put on it. If MP efforts succeed, they will boost both eand m-commerce and may be the killer service in 2....

The article summarises current knowledge about the preparation and standardisation of treatment and diagnosis of allergies. It summarises the basic conceptions, units, methods and conditions for preparation, conservation and the storage of allergens. The article is especially orientated towards grass pollen.

This paper discusses the dynamics associated with the implementation and deployment of an information infrastructure designed to standardize work practices. The analysis is based on a case study conducted in a pharmaceutical R&D organization. The infrastructure in use, comprising a computerized system and surrounding organizational procedures, seems to support work practices not always as origi...

This paper reviews the history of standardization, from firm-level standardization at the early Industrial Revolution, to private standardization organizations and voluntary standards in the market economy, and national or international standardization organizations that emerged as a result of industrialization and international trade as well as their national or international standards. The pa...

objectives: the prospective and retrospective memory questionnaire (prmq) developed by smith (2000) and consists of a series of questions about memory weakness that can be encountered anyone in everyday life. the self-reported questionnaire has 16 items that assessing of prospective and retrospective memory problems in everyday life and the aim of the present research was to examine the investi...