The problem of the sample variance computation for epistemic inter-val-valued data is, in general, NP-hard. Therefore, known efficient algorithms for computing variance require strong restrictions on admissible intervals like the no-subset property or heavy limitations on the number of possible intersections between intervals. A new asymptotic algorithm for computing the upper bound of the samp...

In project scheduling, many problems can arise when resource fluctuations are beyond acceptable limits. To overcome this, mathematical techniques have been developed for leveling resources. However, these produce a hard and inflexible approach in scheduling projects. The authors propose a simple resource leveling approach that can be used in scheduling projects with multi-mode execution activit...

Occasional widely publicized controversies have led to the perception that growth statistics from developing countries are not be trusted. Based on comparison of several data sources and analysis novel IMF audit data, we find no support for view is average measured less accurately or manipulated more in than developed countries. While face many challenges measuring growth, so do higher-income c...

Scheduling is one the problems on which so many researches have been done over years and university course timetabling problem which is a NP-hard problem is a type of scheduling problem. On the other hand, timetabling process must be done for each semester frequently which is an exhausting and time consuming task. University course timetabling problem performs the allocation of whole events to ...

In this paper, we investigate mutual information as a cost function for clustering, and show in which cases hard, i.e., deterministic, clusters are optimal. Using convexity properties of mutual information, we show that certain formulations of the information bottleneck problem are solved by hard clusters. Similarly, hard clusters are optimal for the information-theoretic co-clustering problem ...