The security of two message authentication code (MAC) algorithms is considered: the MD5-based envelope method (RFC 1828), and the banking standard MAA (ISO 8731–2). Customization of a general MAC forgery attack allows improvements in both cases. For the envelope method, the forgery attack is extended to allow key recovery; for example, a 128-bit key can be recovered using 2 known text-MAC pairs...

This study investigated the utilization of intertextuality in the fourth edition of the Interchange book series for English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners using Fairclough’s (1992) framework. Ten texts were randomly chosen among the reading passages of the Interchange book series and later analyzed regarding intertextuality kinds and methods of reporting. Findings indicated that two types o...

This paper presents some of the design considerations of BREF, a large read-speech corpus for French. BREF was designed to provide continuous speech data for the development of dictation machines, for the evaluation of continuous speech recognition systems (both speaker-dependent and speakerindependent), and for the study of phonological variations. The texts to be read were selected from 5 mil...

This study explores the representations of British cultural memory and identity in two Poems—Kipling’s ‘The White Man’s burden’ Lord Byron’s Prisoner Chillon’, with aim demonstrating that, as ‘fictions memory’ these literary works teem a political/imperial history form linguistic parameters, ideological discourses, myths, images mainly metaphors imperial or what most critics generally refer to ...

In this paper we describe the Senseval 3 Basque lexical sample task. The task comprised 40 words (15 nouns, 15 verbs and 10 adjectives) selected from the Basque WordNet. 10 of the words were chosen in coordination with other lexical-sample tasks. The examples were taken from newspapers, an in-house balanced corpus and Internet texts. We additionally included a large set of untagged examples, an...

In this study, a morpho-pragmatic analysis of broken plural in the Glorious Quran is tackled to answer question whether types can be replaced without affecting meaning, and achieve aim that these various forms are utilized thoughtfully creatively never used randomly. Accordingly, it hypothesized present study multi selected sensibly they function way leads reader scene wider conceptual view con...