Hyperventilation (HV) is commonly used to extend breath-hold time by eliminating carbon dioxide to delay the hypercapnic stimulus to end breath-hold. The chief hazard is that loss of consciousness may result from hypoxia before the hypercapnic drive initiates a breathing cycle. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of oxygen inspiration to improve the safety of breath-holding te...

BACKGROUND Hallux valgus (HV) is highly prevalent and associated with progressive first metatarsophalangeal joint subluxation and osteoarthritis. The link between structural HV deformity and foot pain is unclear. This study investigated possible explanatory factors surrounding foot pain in HV, including radiographic HV angle and signs of joint degeneration. METHODS Participants were 60 adults...

BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prominent nosocomial pathogen that accounts for up to 10 % of all hospital-acquired infections. It is a frequent cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of K. pneumoniae-associated VAP and the molecular characteristics of K. pneumoniae strains. METHODS We retrospectively rev...

BACKGROUND Abnormality of hepatic vein (HV) waveforms evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography has been widely studied in patients with chronic liver disease. We investigated the correlation between changes in HV waveforms and portal vein velocity (PVVel), the hepatic artery pulsatility index (HAPI), and also the extent of abnormal Doppler HV waveforms expressed as damping index (DI), severity of p...

We systematically analyze regularization of different kinds of ultradistribution semigroups and sines, in general, with nondensely defined generators and contemplate several known results concerning the regularization of Gevrey type ultradistribution semigroups. We prove that, for every closed linear operator A which generates an ultradistribution semigroup (sine), there exists a bounded inject...

The interaction of automatic semigroups and Bruck–Reilly extensions is studied. It is proved that every automatic Bruck–Reilly extension has an automatic base semigroup. This result is then applied to answer negatively the question of Andrade et al. on whether automatic structures for Bruck–Reilly extensions of groups are characterized by the fellow traveller property. An example is exhibited t...

We derive the actions for type II Green-Schwarz strings up to second order in the fermions, for general bosonic backgrounds. We base our work on the so-called normal coordinate expansion. The resulting actions are κ-symmetric and, for the case of surviving background supersymmetries, supersymmetric. We first obtain the type IIa superstring action from the 11D supermembrane by double dimensional...

Using the notion of “belongingness ($epsilon$)” and “quasi-coincidence (q)” of fuzzy points with fuzzy sets, we introduce the concept of an ($ alpha, beta$)- fuzzyHv-ideal of an Hv-ring, where , are any two of {$epsilon$, q,$epsilon$ $vee$ q, $epsilon$ $wedge$ q} with $ alpha$ $neq$ $epsilon$ $wedge$ q. Since the concept of ($epsilon$, $epsilon$ $vee$ q)-fuzzy Hv-ideals is an important and ...

Panic disorder (PD) patients usually react with more self-reported distress to voluntary hyperventilation (HV) than do comparison groups. Less consistently PD patients manifest physiological differences such as more irregular breathing and slower normalization of lowered end-tidal pCO(2) after HV. To test whether physiological differences before, during, or after HV would be more evident after ...

In humans, hyperventilation (HV) has various effects on systemic physiology and, in particular, on neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. However, it is far from clear how the effects of HV are mediated at the cortical level. In this study we investigated the effects of HV-induced hypocapnia on primary motor (M1) and visual cortex (V1) excitability. We used 1) motor threshold (MT) and...