We examine how chief executive officer (CEO) mobility affects corporate payouts. exploit US state courts’ staggered adoption of the inevitable disclosure doctrine (IDD) to obtain exogenous variation in mobility. report several findings. First, we find that firms IDD-adopting states increase dividend payouts, whereas effect IDD on share repurchases is insignificant relative not states. Second, d...

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a load-bearing, avascular tissue that cushions pressure and increases flexibility in the spine. Under influence of obesity, injury, reduced nutrient supply, it develops pathological changes such as fibular annulus (AF) herniation, inflammation, eventually leading to degeneration (IDD). Lower back pain (LBP) caused by IDD severe chronic disorder severely affects ...

Background The macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), also named chemokine cytokine ligand 3 (CCL3), has been detected in nucleus pulposus and increased following cytokine stimulation. Objective The current study was performed to explore the relationship between serum CCL3/MIP-1α levels with lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). Patients and methods A total of 132 disk degene...

OBJECTIVE We performed a meta-analysis to assess association between interleukin 1 (IL-1) polymorphisms and the risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD). BACKGROUND A series of studies have investigated the association between common single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1 and IDD risk; however, the overall results are inconclusive. METHODS Two independent investigators conducted a sy...

Because the Maldives is a country of islands it has been assumed, until now, that iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are not a public health problem. However, no systematic scientific survey has been carried out to assess the status of IDD in the Maldives. This study represents the first IDD survey by the Government of the Republic of Maldives in association with UNICEF Maldives. Undertaken duri...

The molecular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remain elusive. We found that miR-155 is down-regulated in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP), and more severe degeneration is correlated with higher matrix metallopeptidase 16 (MMP-16) expression. MMP-16 also degraded matrix aggrecan. Here, we addressed the in vivo miR-155-mediated pathological impact on IDD using a classic pun...

OBJECTIVE Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) as one of the leading nutritional problems has been increasing through time due to iodine deficiency, aggravating factors and IDD knowledge in many parts of Ethiopia. The effect of changing diet and altitude on goitre prevalence is assessed. METHODOLOGY Randomly selected five regional states (Amhara, Oromiya, Tigray, SNNP and Benshangul-Gumuz) were ...

BACKGROUND Studies have investigated the correlation between tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility and severity of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but the results were inconsistent. To evaluate the specific relationship, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify the controversies. METHODS Four databases were searched, a...

OHGAWARA, H. and HIRATA, Y. Islet Cell Surface Antibodies in Diabetes and Their Possible Influence on Glucose Tolerance. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1984, 142 (2), 211-216 The prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in patients with insulin-dependent (IDD), noninsulin-dependent (NIDD) or newly-diagnosed diabetes mellitus was studied. The antibodies were present in 14 (27%) of 15 IDD patient...

The accumulation of senescent disc cells in degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) suggests the detrimental roles of cell senescence in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Disc cell senescence decreased the number of functional cells in IVD. Moreover, the senescent disc cells were supposed to accelerate the process of IDD via their aberrant paracrine effects by which sen...