1.2 Machine failure A system is composed of 5 components, each of which is either working or broken. Consider an experiment that consists of observing the status of each component, and let the outcome of the experiment be given by the vector (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5), where xi = 1 if component i works and 0 if component i is broken. 1. How many outcomes are in the sample space of this experiment? 2....

Neoplastic transformation is a complex process that results from multiple changes in gene activities. Probably most of these are mutational, i.e. alterations in the genomic structure of DNA, but others may be due to adaptive changes wherein genes are expressed that are inappropriate to a stage of development or differentiation. In this commentary neoplastic development is discussed in the conte...

Address for correspondence: Hye Cheol Jeong, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Pochon CHA University, 351, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Korea Phone: 82-31-780-6142, Fax: 82-31-780-4800 E-mail: [email protected] Received: Nov. 15, 2007 Accepted: Jan. 15, 2008 결핵성 파괴폐에 의한 폐동맥 고혈압 환자에서 발견된 근위부 폐동맥 혈전증 1...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether cardiometabolic risk profiles differ for subjects identified as having prediabetes by A1C, fasting glucose (FPG), or 2-h postchallenge glucose (2-PG) criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Atherosclerosis risk factors, oral glucose tolerance test, and ultrasound measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were analyzed in 780 nondiabetic individuals. RE...

Lost productivity is often excluded from economic evaluations, which may lead to an underestimation of the societal benefits of treatment. However, there are multiple challenges in reliably estimating and reporting productivity losses. This article explores the main challenges, ie, selecting an appropriate valuation method (ie, human capital, friction cost, or multiplier), avoiding double count...

Patients with opioid use disorder are more likely to get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cardiovascular diseases frequently present in COVID-19 patients and can increase their susceptibility invasive infectious diseases, such as infective endocarditis (IE). This study examines the difference IE incidence following diagnosis between individuals without non-medical use. De-identified electro...

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) was used to investigate the influence of divided attention (simple versus complex) on driving performance (speed control). DESIGN Three individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and three healthy controls (HC), matched for age, education, and gender, were examined. RESULTS Preliminary results revealed no differences on driving speed between TBI and HC. In...