anemia is the most common hematologic disorder in patients with ulcerative colitis (uc). in some cases, normochromic anemia results from the presence of chronic disease; however blood loss or malabsorption may lead to an iron deficiency anemia with hypochromic appearance. other rare hematologic manifestations associated with uc include myelodysplastic syndromes and leukemia. several investigato...

Introduction: Hepatitis A is caused by a virus with a similar name. As a very contagious disease, Hepatitis A is one of the most prevalent infant infections across the developing countries. People who have been vaccinated and also those who caught this disease already are immune against hepatitis A. Since it was not possible and cost effective to analyze the immunity level of all asymptomatic c...

parkinson's disease (pd) is a very common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly population. current treatments for parkinson’s disease are based on symptom therapy but not the underlying cause of the disease. this disorder is caused neuronal death which triggers the activation of resident glial cells. this situation leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. activated ...

cd40 is recognized as a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor super family. it is expressed by the immune and non-immune cells. its interaction with cd40 ligand (cd154) brings about  a regulatory effect on  the cellular and humoral immunity. the pathway of cd40-cd154 is influential in various diseases. investigations on such diseases have revealed dimensional mechanisms whereby this route in...

disseminated nocardiosis (dn), is an infrequent and severe infection due to nocardia species and defined as infection in two or more discontinuous organs.  most infections occur in the immunocompromised host or in persons with underlying disease.  dn occurs rarely in children.  in this report, we describe an 11-year-old immune-compromised child with nocardiosis involving the lung, skin, brain a...

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS, is immunologically mediated in genetically susceptible individuals. Receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG (FcγR) might induce inflammatory responses through linking the humoral and cellular immune responses by targeting immune complexes to effector cells. Polymorphisms in some FcγR genes are associated with va...

the primary immunodeficiency (pi) disorders are abnormalities in development and maturation of the immune system. individuals with pi disease may experience frequent infections, which limit their abilities to exhibit physical and psychological well-being secondary to their illness. in this survey we compared health-related quality of life of primary immune deficient patients with healthy childr...

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation that causes the loss of immune tolerance leading to bizarre inflammatory signals and disruption of mucosal barriers. Environmental triggers and interaction of genetic determinants also play an indispensible role. In this case report, we present a pre-pubertal girl with intermittent and refra...