This paper studies the nature of social welfare orders on infinite utility streams, satisfying the efficiency principle known asMonotonicity and the consequentialist equity principle known as Strong Equity. It provides a complete characterization of domain sets for which there exists such a social welfare order which is in addition representable by a real valued function. It then shows that for...

Science in the 21st century does not consider participants' welfare, safety and human rights in clinical studies, but modern science puts economic profits in its priority. This leads to a growing concern about social responsibility and professionalism ethics of companies, sponsors and scientists. Specifically, there is no way to control conflicts of participants' welfare with economic profits, ...

background: because of the close relationship between economic growth and welfare of the societies many economists have been seeking to identify the sources of economic growth. human capital through enhancing workforce skills and quality, increases the amount of workforce income which consequently leads to economic growth. methods: this study is based on data from the social accounting matrix o...

We review methods and assess the policy influence of a series of publiclyfunded Cost of Illness studies, mostly published since 1990. Our analysis shows that headline cost estimates, including the influential paper by Collins and Lapsley (2008), depend on an incorrect procedure for incorporating real world imperfections in consumer information and rationality, producing a substantial over-estim...

Energy conservation and greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement have been included in the national development strategy of China, however, the rigidity in command-and-control, absence of market-mechanism and arbitrariness in assignment of abatement burden across regions have caused unnecessary losses in both economic efficiency and social equity. In this paper, we established an Inter-Regional CGE model...

for the rural population, an improvement in the income of the agriculture and allied sectors is essential for improving the welfare, rural economic prosperity, and the overall economic development. the objective of this study was to determine the optimal pattern in various activities of forest fringe villagers of hezarjarib area in 2013 for management of resources and rural development planning...