There is ongoing debate over the relative advantages of rail and bus transit investments. Rail critics assert that cities which expand their bus transit systems exhibit better performance than those that expand rail systems. This study examines those claims. It compares public transport performance in U.S. urban areas that expanded rail transit with urban areas that expanded bus transit from th...

This research assesses how U.S. transit agencies have taken advantage of congestion pricing projects and answers two questions: (1) what role has transit played in U.S. congestion pricing projects, and (2) how have transit agencies responded to congestion pricing projects through service planning, operating practices, capital investment, and institutional arrangements. First, transit is seen as...

bus rapid transit is an innovative, high capacity, lower cost public transit solution in metropolitan cities. idea is to dedicate lanes for quick and efficient transport of passengers to their destinations. in the present investigation the environmental impact assessment of bus rapid transit  in tehran metropolitan city is brought out. for this purpose bus rapid transit lane no. 10 is investiga...

introduction: treatment in chronic constipation is highly dependent on colon transit time (ctt), which not only determines the cause but also determines the correct treatment policy. the aim of this study was evaluation of ctt in constipated patients. methods: 43 patients with chronic constipation who did not respond to high fiber diet were enrolled in the study. patients with history of drug i...

morphine was used as a remedy for the control of diarrhea centuries before it's sedative-analgesic effect was discovered. although several mechanisms have been proposed for the morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit (oit), the exact mechanism has not yet been identified. on this basis the possible involvement of the dopaminergic system in morphine-induced inhibition of tra...

High-altitude clouds and hazes are integral to understanding exoplanet observations, and are proposed to explain observed featureless transit spectra. However, it is difficult to make inferences from these data because of the need to disentangle effects of gas absorption from haze extinction. Here, we turn to the quintessential hazy world, Titan, to clarify how high-altitude hazes influence tra...

In the United States, many transit agencies are considering integrating their demand-responsive service with traditional fixed-route service. In some cases, it may be advantageous to the transit agency or to the passenger to coordinate traditional demand-responsive transit service with fixed -route service. The demand-responsive service connects passengers from their origin to the fixed route s...

In this paper, a novel multi-objective bus stop location model is proposed, which considers not only the coverage of demand and minimization of access time but also the necessities of suitable stops for transit network design phase. Three objective functions are considered including minimizing (I) sum of the total access distance (time), (II) the weighted combination of stops, and (III) the num...

OBJECTIVE The volume of swallowed bolus affects the pharyngeal transit duration. The sex and corporal height of individuals may likely influence this effect. The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of sex and corporal height on the pharyngeal transit modification produced by the swallowed bolus volume. METHODS Forty healthy volunteers, 20 men and 20 women, including tall ...