background: toxocariasis is an important disease caused by the larvae of parasitic worms such as toxocara canis and t. cati . public parks can be the source of toxocariasis for small children. this survey was conducted to de-termine the prevalence of toxocara spp. ova in parks of mashhad and khaf northeastern iran. methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, performed in november 2011 t...

Urban agriculture/community gardening in the Bronx has multiple roles, including health-promoting, economic, environmental, and cultural. These roles are particularly important in light of urban sustainability issues and environmental justice concerns, such as differential access to open space, recreation, and fresh produce in poorer communities and communities of color, as well as differential...

HIGHLIGHTS • Vegetation structure and composition were measured in four major green space types • Remnants and golf courses supported highest native plant richness • Residential neighborhoods and urban parks supported highest exotic plant richness • Residential neighborhoods lacked key habitat structures including old trees • Green spaces can achieve complex vegetation with both native and exot...

Obtaining public and/or private finance for upscaling urban nature-based solutions (NBS) is a key barrier reaching sustainability goals, including climate mitigation and adaptation. We carry out systematic review of the academic literature to understand barriers corresponding strategies financing NBS. First, we report on specific challenges found NBS uptake in four ecological domains: buildings...

Urban parks are important settings for physical activity, but few natural experiments have investigated the influences of park modifications on activity patterns and visitor profiles.We assessed the impact of implementing a municipal policy on off-leash dogs in city parks in Calgary (Alberta, Canada). Systematic observation undertaken in 2011 and 2012 within four parks captured patterns of use,...

green space, as a social development indicator has environmental, social, cultural, economical, and skeletal aspects and to be able to play its role effectively, the first and most important step is to select an appropriate site for it. site selection necessitates stability analysis of urban green space. the main three steps are identifying stability factors, ahp-based weighting factors and lay...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of use of play equipment in public schools and parks in Brisbane, Australia, and to estimate an annual rate of injury per use of equipment, overall and for particular types of equipment. METHODS Injury data on all children injured from playground equipment and seeking medical attention at the emergency department of either of ...

The advent of modernity in Iran weakened many structures and practices, including social hangouts in cities; therefore, the public was cynical about this space. While hangouts, as a third-place and public space in a city, promote social capital, vibrant centers, and citizenship education, Tehran Daneshjoo Park, as a public space with an urban scale and physical and social features, can also be ...