adjudication independence can be studied in two areas namely independency of judicial power and independency of judge. the first one is based on the separation of powers theory but judge independence means its freedom from parties and their attorneys and its independence in intern of judiciary power. this sense of independence has two objectives: 1) judge's freedom in applying the law to f...

We examine the incentives of regions in a country to unite or to separate. We nd that smaller regions have greater incentives to unite, relative to larger regions. We show, however, that on the whole, majority voting on separation and union generates excessive incentives to separate. This leads us to examine the scope of alternative political institutions and rules in overcoming the potential i...

mega city-regions or metropolitan regions- that was introduced for the first time in a cabinet article in 1995- are becoming a dominant form of human settlements both in developed and developing countries. despite of all contentious discussion on economic and demographic significance of metropolitan regions and so rationality of establishing a distinct structure for their effective management a...

Increasing economic integration has been one of the major forces driving the world economy's impressive growth over the last fortyfive years. Today, however, more than at any time since World War 11, the future of the world trading system is in doubt. Ironically, just as the Soviet Union, Eastern ~ u r o ~ e , and many developing countries rush to join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade...