Background: The growing tendency to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and prohibited substances misuse by female athletes is a new public health concern. Epidemiological studies in this field are necessary to introduce an effective preventive drug control program in gyms. This study directed to evaluate the prevalence of AAS and other banned substances use and...

Shoulder injury in overhead athletes, who perform repetitive overhead motions, has been well documented; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the incidence of specific shoulder injuries in these individuals. Data were collected from the preseason medical examinations and medical records maintained throughout the collegiate careers of 371 overhead athletes. Shoulder injuries were docume...

UNLABELLED This study was aimed at the following: (1) the prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in swimmers and winter sport athletes according to the previously recommended regulatory sport agencies criteria, (2) the relationship between respiratory symptoms and AHR/EIB, (3) the impact of the chosen cutoff value for AHR on its prevalence,...

Foot and ankle injuries are common in many sports. One of the main athletes issues is time for sport resumption after trauma. Recently, extensive efforts have been made to speed up athletes’ return-to-sport prevent joint degeneration. Among conservative treatment options, biophysical stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) listed. This narrative review aims outline current applic...

Background: The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is greater in elite athletes than in the general population and its association with mild airway inflammation has recently been reported. Objective: To study the relation between the type of sport practiced at the highest levels of competition (on land or in water) and sputum induction cell counts in a group of healthy and a...

background: grip strength is one of the important criteria in determining the physical fitness of all people, especially athletes. the purpose of this study was to compare the hand-grip strength of young highly trained male athletes of different fields and the effect of some anthropometric indices on it. methods: this cross-sectional study was done on 78 athletes of four fields -wrestling, badm...

Depression among elite athletes is a topic of increasing interest and public awareness. Currently, empirical data on elite athletes' depressive symptoms are rare. Recent results indicate sport-related mechanisms and effects on depression prevalence in elite athlete samples; specific factors associated with depression include overtraining, injury, and failure in competition. One such effect is t...