succès rencontrés très rapidement en résolution deprobì emes combinatoires, y compris dans desprobì emes clas-siques de recherche opérationnelle comme en ordonnancement par exemple, ont induit une forte vitalité industrielle et académique dans ce domaine. Les enjeux sont aujourd'hui d'aller vers une plus grande automatisation, qui n'at-teint pas encore celle des outils de programmation linéaire...

Physicians play a major role in determining the cost and quality of healthcare, yet estimates of these effects can be confounded by patient sorting. This paper considers a natural experiment where nearly 30,000 patients were randomly assigned to clinical teams from one of two academic institutions. One institution is among the top medical schools in the U.S., while the other institution is rank...

We consider algebraic speciications with observational features. Axioms as well as observations are formulae of full (Many-Sorted) First Order Logic with Equality. The associated semantics is based on a non standard interpretation of equality called observational equality. We study the adequacy of this semantics for software speciication and the relationship with behavioural equivalence of alge...

Manuscript Number: JH-D-14-00432 Full Title: Reply to "Reflections on Vascular Ageing and Microvascular Pulsatility" Article Type: Correspondence Corresponding Author: Francesco Stea, M.D. National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology Pisa, ITALY Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiol...

In this paper we introduce a conception of learning which is a natural extension of economists' representations of learning and which is natural to develop using KBS technology. In the particular form of KBS we use, rule conditions and actions are well formulated formulae of first-order predicate logic (FOPL). As a result, the simulation results obtained from these models are no less analytical...

generally ordering policies are done by two methods, including fix order quantity (foq) and fix order period (fop). these methods are static and either the quantity of ordering or the procedure of ordering is fixing in throughout time horizon. in real environments, demand is varying in any period and may be considered as uncertainty. when demand is variable in any period, the traditional and st...

As scholars become more aware of the importance of religion in world affairs, several have begun to ask whether specific religious traditions are compatible with the institutions and values of liberal democracy. With approximately 350 million Orthodox Christians in the world, and given the great political and economic importance of the many countries they call home, an understanding of Orthodox...