Estrogen has a pivotal role in many biological functions in both reproductive and non-reproductive organs, mediating actions through its receptors, estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ. The expression of ERs is widespread in the body and is implicated in normal physiological processes as well as in disease conditions, including intestinal diseases. Immunohistochemical and functional analyses have ...

The potential 'nutritional advantages' of probiotics and prebiotics consist of preventive, and sometimes curative, effects against certain diseases. The evidence supporting such advantages, which requires randomised controlled trials and consistency of results from study to study, is rapidly increasing. This article summarizes the effects against diseases of intestinal origin. There is a high l...

Association between circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and metabolic diseases (such as Type 2 Diabetes and atherosclerosis) has shifted the focus from Western diet-induced changes in gut microbiota per se to release of gut bacteria-derived products into circulation as the possible mechanism for the chronic inflammatory state underlying the development of these diseases. Under physiological co...

Next generation sequencing techniques are currently revealing novel insight into the microbiome of the human gut. This new area of research seems especially relevant for neonatal diseases, because the development of the intestinal microbiome already starts in the perinatal period and preterm infants with a still immature gut associated immune system may be harmed by a dysproportional microbial ...

The aim of this article is to investigate and identify all the relevant ways of epidemiology significance for transmitting infectious diseases in the existing unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions in rural areas of the municipality of Zenica, which are positively correlated with occurrence and spread of infectious intestinal diseases. The study was conducted in seven rural localities ...

Both physicians and veterinarians frequently recommend a “bland” diet for nonspecific GI upset. When asked “What is the definition of bland diet?” veterinarians often respond “chicken and rice” or “hamburger and rice” or “baby food” or they name a veterinary therapeutic diet. Interestingly, when pressed for a definition, the most common answer is “easily (or highly) digestible” and the second m...

abstract objective: diabetes is now known as one of the chronic diseases that besides body have negative effects on the psychological status of patients and it is one of the predisposition diseases which can lead to opportunistic infection like pathogens parasites. the aim of present study was frequency distribution of intestinal parasitic infections in diabetic patients – in yazd. materials an...

The incidence and clinical pattern of diseases differ in different parts of the world and even vary from area to area in the same country. Several factors contribute to these differences. Racial and hereditary factors, climatic conditions, socioeconomical factors, dietetic habits and mode of living are some of the important factors involved in the genesis of these variations. The pattern of gas...

Real-time visualization of the molecular signature of cells can be achieved with advanced targeted imaging techniques using molecular probes and fluorescence endoscopy. This molecular optical imaging in gastrointestinal endoscopy is promising for improving the detection of neoplastic lesions, their characterization for patient stratification, and the assessment of their response to molecular ta...