For more than a decade, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has used in-situ observations of 2 m temperature and 2 m relative humidity to operationally constrain the temporal evolution of model soil moisture. These observations are not available everywhere and they are indirectly linked to the state of the surface, so under various circumstances, such as weak radiativ...

Current models for seasonal climate prediction are limited due to poor initialization of the land surface soil moisture states. Passive microwave remote sensing provides quantitative information on soil moisture in a thin near-surface soil layer at large scale. This information can be integrated with a land surface process model through data assimilation to give better prediction of the near su...

abstract assessing moisture in the soil under cultivation of crops to achieve high performance and reduced water are necessary. knowledge of the moisture distribution in the root zone, time consuming and costly field tests that simulation models, a suitable alternative in answer to issues of movement and are water distribution. in this study assessment of soil moisture, to aid swap simulation m...

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), will be launched in the second half of 2009. It will be the first L-band (~1.4 GHz) passive microwave satellite specifically designed for global soil moisture observations, with an expected accuracy for the retrieved soil moisture of ~0.04 m/m. While passive microwave observations have been widely...

Solubility and bioavailability of heavy metals are important with respect to theirtoxicity. The discharge of municipal wastewater in soil and surface waters can affectbioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soils and sediments. The effect of dischargeof Arak municipal wastewater on the KNO3 and DTPA extractable heavy metals in a salinesoil sampled from Mighan playa (Iran) compared to a ...

There is a strong demand for soil moisture information in establishing efficient irrigation scheduling, climate change prediction, and sustainable land and water management. However, such data are not readily available with an appropriate accuracy or spatial and temporal resolution. Addressing the need for soil moisture at high resolution globally, the European Space Agency (ESA) has developed ...

It is not clear how various wetting agent products affect moisture distribution throughout sand-based putting green rootzones. The objective of this research was to determine how localized dry spot (LDS) incidence, and soil moisture values and uniformity were affected by the application of five commercially available wetting agents. Wetting agents were applied during the 2008 growing season and...