PURPOSE In this study, the authors examined the influences of selected social (gender, employment status, educational achievement level) and style variables (race of examiner, interview topic) on the production of African American English (AAE) by adults. METHOD Participants were 50 African American men and women, ages 20-30 years. The authors used Rapid and Anonymous Survey (RAS) methods to ...

Cigarette smuggling reduces the price of cigarettes, thwarts youth access restrictions, reduces government revenue, and undercuts the ability of taxes to reduce consumption. The tobacco industry often opposes increases to tobacco taxes on the claim that greater taxes induce more smuggling. To date, little is known about the magnitude of smuggling in the Philippines. his information is necessary...

We develop a Bayesian multivariate analysis of expert judgment elicited using an extended form of pair-wise comparisons. The method can be used to estimate the effect of multiple factors on the probability of an event and can be applied in risk analysis and other decision problems. The analysis provides variance predictions of the quantity of interest that incorporate dependencies amongst the v...

Social cost–benefit analysis is a well-established method for guiding decisions about safety investments, particularly in situations in which it is possible to make accurate predictions of future performance. However, its direct applicability to situations involving large degrees of uncertainty is less obvious and this raises the question of the extent to which social cost–benefit analysis can ...

Applications in counterterrorism and corporate competition have led to the development of new methods for the analysis of decision-making when there are intelligent opponents and uncertain outcomes. This field is sometimes called adversarial risk analysis. In this paper, we illustrate a general framework developed for supporting a decision maker in a problem with intelligent opponents through a...

The characterisation of uncertainty and risk analysis are two research domains that have many common elements. Specifically, they are both based on an acknowledgment that decisions are never made using perfect knowledge and therefore always have some degree of associated risk or uncertainty. Research in uncertainty addresses this by seeking to understand the causes of uncertainty, and to quanti...