Using a public finance approach, this study investigates welfare costs between seignorage and consumption taxes in a standard growth model. One of these two taxes is used to finance exogenous public spending to balance the government budget. The steady-state welfare cost of consumption taxes is lower if the consumption effect dominates the leisure effect. This paper compares equilibrium along t...

Based on the effect of alignment, namely, coordination between input and output in language, this thesis analyzes functions keywords obtaining main idea passage, presupposing plot enriching content then puts forwards three strategies. The first strategy is reading classifying keywords. And allocating associating topic words. last one reviewing imitating language usage. It takes continuation wri...

Analysis of the welfare effect of advertising depends critically upon the effect of advertising on market prices. In many circumstances, advertising that leads to higher (lower) market prices is overproduced (underproduced) from society s perspective. This paper demonstrates that these predictions may not hold when consumer search costs are important. A model is developed to show how advertisin...

In this study we hypothesize that variations in state welfare policies in the reform era may affect adolescents through two mechanisms. A competing labor market hypothesis posits that stringent state welfare policies may reduce adolescent employment. A signaling hypothesis posits that stringent welfare policies may promote enrollment. To test these hypotheses, we use a dynamic joint model of ad...