so far several methods have been developed for mapping and interpolation of isohyets.one of the recently accepted methods is geographically weighting regression which is suitable for evaluation of spatial heterogeneity of dependent variable by using local regressions. in order to evaluate annually precipitation spatial variation, this study was conducted in gilan province which precipitation is...

The spatial pattern of soil moisture varies at different scales due to evapo-transpiration and precipitation which are transformed by topography, soil texture, and vegetation. The mapping of soil moisture by remote sensing has several advantages over conventional field measurement techniques especially in the case of heterogeneous landscapes. However, validation of low resolution satellite soil...

Forests are the main body of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems and forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is an important manifestation sequestration. Reasonable accurate quantification relationship between AGB its driving factors great importance for increasing function forests. Remote sensing observations field measurements can be used to estimate large areas. To explore applicability ...

Corrosion in general is a complex interaction between water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. Water quality monitoring in terms of corrosion and scaling is crucial, and a key element of preventive maintenance, given the economic and health hurts caused by corrosion and scaling in water utilities. The aim of this study is to determine the best model fo...

Direct Neural Network Residual Kriging (DNNRK) is a two step algorithm (Kanevsky et al. 1995). The first step includes estimating large scale structures by using artificial neural networks (ANN) with simple sum of squares error function. ANN, being universal approximators, model overall non-linear spatial pattern fairly well. ANN are model free estimators and depend only on their architecture a...

Abstract. In this study, the detection and characteristics of dry/wet spells (defined as episodes when precipitation is abnormally low or high compared to usual climatology) drawn from several datasets are for Senegal. Here, four based on satellite data (TRMM-3B42 V7, CMORPH V1.0, TAMSAT V3, CHIRPS V2. 0), two reanalysis products (NCEP-CFSR ERA5), three rain gauge observations (CPC Unified V1.0...