the article examines the relationship between tort damages for personal injury and social security benefits in iranian law with a comparative view on english and french law. amongst four potential policies (cumulation, reduction, election and recoupment), the statutory provisions of iranian law have chosen the latter one. but in practice these texts have paradoxically lead to a fifth excessive ...

This study explores the effect of internal control weakness on investment efficiency of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population included all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the time period 2012-2015. Purposive sampling was the sampling method. Given the theoretical principles and the research literature, two hypotheses were proposed which were test...

threats are one of the most fundamental problems of our modern societies that daily will affect citizens in urban spaces. this becomes more problematic when the people in their everyday living spaces encounter with behaviors that cause lack of security and should have been feel comfort and their families used these spaces freely. this causes many problems for citizens. in today cities because o...

in order to use an islamic financial instrument, this paper intends to measure and evaluate negative and positive deviations from target rate of return in investment opportunity evaluation,that leads to presenting an upside potential- adjusted risk measure. this risk measure named upside potential adjusted risk measure (alpm) is generally applicable and provides assumptions of variance, downsid...

In a chemical cluster, there are a large number of enterprises, which are adjacent, so that their risk not only depends on own risk management strategies, but also on those of all others. With this, how to prevent domino effect is becoming more and more essential. Consider external domino effects, while some enterprises take a certain level of security investment, there is a certain probability...

This paper studies optimal pay-as-you-go social security with positive bequests and endogenous fertility. With an investment externality, a competitive solution without social security suffers from under-investment in capital and over-reproduction of population. We show that social security can improve welfare by reducing fertility and increasing capital intensity. We also illustrate numericall...

The economics of investment in cyber security is a widely researched field. This paper describes the use of a multi-player collaborative exercise implemented on computers to help companies better understand investment decisions in cyber security. The investment model driving the collaborative exercise is an expected-value decision analysis that compares the reduction of cyber risks with other i...