An intracavity water vapor cell in conjunction with a CO laser was used to measure experimentally the absorptive losses introduced for nineteen of the laser emission lines. The results indicated that the existing theoretical models are inadequate for predicting actual absorptance values for water vapor partial pressures in excess of 100 Torr. The accepted spectral location of at least one water...

a typical iranian carbonate matrix block surrounded by an open fracture was modeled in order to understand the fracture-matrix interaction and realize how to model the interaction best. the modeling was carried out by using a fine-scaled eclipse model in the single porosity mode (the fractures were explicitly modeled). the model was extended to a stack of 6 matrix blocks to understand block-to-...

Water quality is a very important issue related to people health, but it is not usually considered in water distribution networks (WDNs) design. In this paper, new constraints such as free residual chlorine and the quality performance index are incorporated into the least cost design of water distribution networks. EPANET2 was applied for the hydraulic and quality analysis of water distributio...

Reef-building corals show a marked decrease in total species richness from the tropics to high latitude regions. Several hypotheses have been proposed account for this pattern context of abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature thresholds, light limitation, aragonite saturation, nutrient or sediment loads, larval dispersal constraints, competition with macro-algae other invertebrates, ...

recent developments in hydrogen production by thermochemical water decomposition are reported,with an emphasis on hydrogen production from non-fossil energy sources such as nuclear and solar. numerousdevelopments have been made on sulphur-iodine, copper-chlorine and other thermochemicalcycles. efforts are described to lower the temperatures required in thermochemical cycles, so as to broadenthe...