One of the most difficult tasks in the instruction of legal language is teaching highly specific legal terminology. Although some legal terms are widely used in ordinary language, there are some words and phrases which seem familiar, but have an unexpected meaning for a layperson. Additionally, there is a number of terms with specific legal meanings which presuppose some knowledge of legal cont...

BACKGROUND In case of pathologies or accidents on board which require medical intervention but lacking on-board medical or paramedical personnel, the ship's captain, or his delegate can contact a Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS). International Maritime Organisation considers telemedicine at sea as an integral part of rescue procedures. Five key elements contribute to the delivery ...

Ontologies in a legal expert system must be processed to suit all possible user cases within the field of law of the system. From the logical premises of a deductive system of express rules of law, legal ontologies may be implied to encompass the combinatorial explosion of possible cases that may lack one or more of the express antecedents in the deductive rule system. Express ontologies in ind...

Legal analysis is a multistep process that performs the complex tasks of disambiguation of comported real world activities through the lens of a predefined legal code and sets of laws. These activities often may instantiate multiple separate as well as overlapping legal stipulations and criteria thus creating a potential for contextually significant interpretations of how a given code or law ap...

Legal case solving is a central activity of legal practitioners. This may account for the fact that legal case solving has a place within legal education. However, students experience difficulties learning to solve legal cases and teachers find it difficult to teach it. To offer students support with the learning of legal case solving the computer program PROSA1 has been constructed. PROSA is a...

The final publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-170174. This paper describes a new concept of legal ontology together with an ontology development tool, called European Legal Taxonomy Syllabus (ELTS). The tool is used to model the legal terminology created by the Uniform Terminology project on EU consumer protection law as an ontology. ELTS is not a formal o...

The subject of the study article is legal foundations institution responsibility and features its interaction with consciousness culture. goal to substantiate need for effective regulation liability, taking into account existing forms consciousness. work carried out a comprehensive general theoretical analysis role in process formation development citizens. team authors studying place liability...

In this paper we investigate how to represent and reason about legal abrogations and annulments in Defeasible Logic. We examine some options that embed in this setting, and in similar rule-based systems, ideas from belief and base revision. In both cases, our conclusion is negative, which suggests to adopt a different logical model. This model expresses temporal aspects of legal rules, and dist...

It is argued that the standard way that the criminal justice debate regarding the permissible extent of wrongful convictions is cast is fundamentally flawed. In particular, it is claimed that there is an inherent danger in focussing our attention in this debate on different ways of measuring the probabilistic likelihood of wrongful conviction and then evaluating whether these probabilities are ...