Background Human preimplantation embryonic cells share many similarities with cancer cells such as ability to self-renew, unlimited proliferation and maintenance of the undifferentiated state. Embryo-cancer sequence A (ECSA), also known as developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2), is a cancer testis antigen (CTA) with unclear biological function yet. Objective: CTAs are expressed normal...

Cell-to cell communication occurs via a signaling pathway referred to as quorum sensing. There are four main types of these systems according to the chemical nature of signal molecules used by microorganisms to elicit expression of target genes in response to environmental stimuli or need of microbial communities. Type I system acts by using acyl homoserine lactones as signals to trigger the ex...

Expression of eukaryotic proteins in E. coli often results in their aggregation. Proper folding and solubility of therapeutical proteins are the pre-requisite for their bioactivity. This is not achieved in cytoplasmic expression in E. coli because of the absence of disulfide bonds formation. A novel expression/secretion vector was constructed which exploited β-lactamase signal sequence to trans...

There are two different co-expression systems including bicistronic; dual-vector or two-promoter to express two different genes simultaneously and also to study protein-protein interactions. Bicistronic system has disadvantages e.g. compared with two-promoter system. In this paper, a simple method based on spliced overlap extension by polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR) technique was demonstrat...

Abstract Objective: The previous studies indicated that the TLRs especially Toll-like receptor 4) TLR4 (are involved in the process of diabetes. The aim of the present research was to investigate the time course expression pattern of TLR4-a main component of innate immune system- in mRNA levels in the heart tissue of diabetic male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this research, adu...

reteplase is a potent thrombolytic agent which is widely used in the management of acute myocardial infarction and stroke. it belongs to the third generation of the thrombolytic drugs and has been derived from native human tissue plasminogen activator by removing three domains of it and keeping the kringle 2 and serine protease domains. however, the high cost of this drug, has limited the appli...

background: chitin is an abundant natural polysaccharide found in fungi, algae, and exoskeleton of insects. several bacterial species are capable of utilizing chitin as their carbon source. these bacteria produce chitinases for degradation of chitin into n-acetyl-d-glucosamine. so far, regulation of the chitinase encoding genes has been studied in different bacterial species. among bacillus spe...