objective(s): erythropoietin (epo), is a 34kda glycoprotein hormone, which belongs to type 1 cytokine superfamily. epo involves in erythrocyte maturation through inhibition of apoptosis in erythroid cells. besides its main function, protective effects of epo in heart and brain tissues have been reported. epo has a critical role in development, growth, and homeostasis of brain. furthermore epo h...

introduction: in recent years, influenza viruses have caused moderate to severe infections all around the world while so far there is no influenza vaccine that can protect people with only one dose of injection. in this regard, producing a universal vaccine based on virus-like-particles (vlp) could be an ideal approach.  methods: in this study, the full-length orf of influenza hemagglutinin (ha...

background and aims: the contribution genetic and antigenic diversity of h9n2 influenza viruses in evading from immune responses, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) epitopes in hemagglutinin (ha) protein restricted by hla binding peptides was identified. materials and methods: phylogenetic analyses were carried out for all of full length ha and deduced amino acid sequences of h9n2 viruses available ...

honeybees like the other animal creatures require proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals vitamins and water for their maintenance, growth and reproduction. normally they obtain their nutritional requirements from flowers but there are times when there aren’t sufficient flowers within reach they become in need of supplemental feeding. some such nutritional substances as soybeans, glutens, yeast...