Originally cloned from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations and its ligand being extensively used to promote ex vivo HSC expansion, the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; also called FLK2) receptor and its ligand (FL) were expected to emerge as an important physiologic regulator of HSC maintenance and expansion. However, the role of FLT3 receptor and ligand in HSC regulation remains unclear...

Biologically, Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is highly heterogenous. AML with cup-like blast morphology variant has been reported to have important role in risk group stratification and treatment implications. In pediatric age group, this morphology and its clinical implication is rarely discussed. Although this morphology variant is not stated in World Health Organization (WHO) classification of...

acute lymphoblastic leukemia(all) is due to early stage arrest of lymphoblast development. the translocation of philadelphia (ph) chromosome occurs as a result of the bcr-abl fusion gene, which constitutively produced activated tyrosine kinase. this gene fusion is an important indicator for prognosis in all and is associated with poor overall survival and remission duration. bcr-abl could inter...

RATIONALE It is now recognized that macrophages residing within developing and adult tissues are derived from diverse progenitors including those of embryonic origin. Although the functions of macrophages in adult organisms are well studied, the functions of macrophages during organ development remain largely undefined. Moreover, it is unclear whether distinct macrophage lineages have differing...

Sunitinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor which prevents tumor growth and metastatic progression. It was approved for treatment of advanced renal cell cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. It has several adverse reactions on multi organ systems including hematologic system. Although the neutropenia and thrombocytopenia commonly happens as Gra...

IRS-1 is a unique cytosolic protein that becomes tyrosine phosphorylated during insulin stimulation of intact cells and immediately associates with the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PtdIns 3'-kinase). The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor also mediated the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and increased the amount of PtdIns 3'-kinase activity bound to IRS-1 in Chinese hamster ovar...

The signaling pathways that regulate smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation are incompletely understood. Smooth muscle cells express at least 3 families of receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate cell migration: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, the trk family of neurotrophin receptors, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. The neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF),...

In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mediates membrane ruffling and growth cone extension. We have previously shown that IGF-I activates the tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 2. In the current study, we examined which signaling pathway underlies IGF-I-mediated FAK phosphorylation an...