Type 1 diabetes is caused by a T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Molecular mimicry between viral pathogens and beta cell protein has been a popular theory to explain loss of tolerance in type 1 diabetes. However, functional data in support of this hypothesis have been lacking, presumably because the homologies were defined on the basis of linear similarities i...

Purpose This paper aims to explore how different service relationships (mentoring relationship versus partnering relationship) in co-production affect outcomes. Specifically, it whether the effects of on customers’ intention purchase are contingent upon appeals’ regulatory focus (promotion prevention focus) and when fit exist. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducte...

It has recently been widely argued that all consciousness is perceptual, including the conscious experience of action. This paper argues that there can be a conscious component of the experience of action that is not perceptual. The argument is based on Searle’s concept of “direction of fit” and the conditions of satisfaction of an intention. The conditions of satisfaction of an intention diffe...

February 19, 2015 Version 1.4.7 Date 2013-03-04 Author Peter Frommolt Maintainer Peter Frommolt Title Inferences for biand trifactorial trial designs Depends mvtnorm,multcomp,lattice,graphics,methods,Rcpp (>= 0.8.8) LinkingTo Rcpp Description This package makes global and multiple inferences for given biand trifactorial clinical trial designs using bootstrap method...

Various kinds of temperature rules have been proposed for biological use, but reasons for choosing one before another have seldom been given. Arguments for such choices should include both theoretical and mathematical-statistical aspects. In this paper the relationships of algal growth constants, such as ~t (maximum specific growth rate), q0 (minimum nutrient content of the algae), Y (yield coe...

in the current study, two line with short-term divergent selection for high weight (hw) and low weight (lw) at 4 wk of age after 7 generation were analyzed in coturnix japonica quail. hw line was significantly higher than lw line at 28d of age (p<0.01). 21 females, and 11 male from the hw, 18 females plus 10 male from the lw lines were mated as reciprocal cross and within lines to produce hh, l...

Previously we described a video signal analysis (VSA) method for measuring backscatter and attenuation from B-Mode image data. VSA computes depth-dependent ratios of the mean echo intensity from a sample to the mean echo intensity from a reference phantom imaged using identical scanner settings. The slope of a line-fit of this ratio (expressed in dB) versus depth is related to the attenuation o...

BACKGROUND We compared the efficacy of medical masks, N95 respirators (fit tested and non fit tested), in health care workers (HCWs). METHODS A cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) of 1441 HCWs in 15 Beijing hospitals was performed during the 2008/2009 winter. Participants wore masks or respirators during the entire work shift for 4 weeks. Outcomes included clinical respiratory illness (CR...

We improve hardness results for the problem of embedding one finite metric into another with minimum distortion. This problem is equivalent to optimally embedding one weighted graph into another under the shortest path metric. We show that unless P = NP, the minimum distortion of embedding one such graph into another cannot be efficiently approximated within a factor less than 9/4 even when the...