0021-9517/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2011.06.016 ⇑ Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 513 556 3473. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (P. Bool [email protected] (P.G. Smirniotis). High temperature water gas shift reaction (WGS) at low steam to CO ratios has been investigated over Fe2.4Ce0.3M0.3O4 (M = Cr, Co, Zr, Hf, and Mo) type of spinels in the temperature region of ...

the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of 5-nitro-1h-benzo[d] imidazole to produce 6-nitro-1h-benzo[d] imidazole was studied by employing hybrid meta-density functional theory. mpwblk/6-31+g** level calculations were carried out to obtain energies and optimize the geometries of all stationary points along the pes, and determine the harmonic vibrational frequencies. two transition states (ts...

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We report here on the high activity and stability of low-content gold–cerium oxide catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction (WGS). These catalysts are reversible in cyclic reduction–oxidation treatment up to 400 8C, are non-pyrophoric, and are thus potential candidates for application to hydrogen generation for fuel cell power production. Low-content (0.2–0.9 at.%) gold–ceria samples were pre...

In design of anaerobic bioreactor, rate equation is commonly used. Mathematical model was developed at steady state condition, to project concentration of gaseous substrate and product in biological oxidation of carbon monoxide with water to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The concept of bioconversion was based on transport of CO from gas phase to liquid phase, as the CO consumption was in...

The steam−carbon reaction, which is the essential reaction of the gasification processes of carbon-based feed stocks (e.g., coal and biomass), produces synthesis gas (H2 + CO), a synthetically flexible, environmentally benign energy source. The reaction is very endothermic, which mandates high temperatures and a large expenditure of energy to drive the reaction. We have found that using microwa...

Current industrial catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction are commonly mixtures of Fe-Cr and Zn-Al-Cu oxides, used at temperatures between 350-500oC and 180250oC, respectively. These oxide catalysts are pyrophoric and normally require lengthy and complex activation steps before usage. Improved catalysts are being sought, particularly for lower temperature (e.g., at T<150oC, equilibrium lowe...