Chromosome 3q26 amplification represents a frequent alteration in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Overexpression of 3q26 encoded genes SEC62 and SOX2 was detected in various cancers, including HNSCCs, indicating their potential function as oncogenes. In our study, we elucidated the function of SEC62 and SOX2 in HNSCC patients, with a main focus on their effect on lymphatic meta...

• The availability of active new drugs has changed the natural history of advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer, significantly improving overall survival and thus leading to an increased risk of observing metastases in atypical sites. • Bone and lymph nodes are usually the most frequent sites for distant metastases arising from prostate cancer. Visceral metastases are rare and when they...

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland. Salivary gland neoplasms constitute 3% cancers all sites, which, 10–15% are malignant. Though adenoid most common tumor submandibular, sublingual and minor glands, it accounts for only 15% parotid cancers. They generally slow-growing spread relentlessly to adjacent structures. Hematogenous more than lymphatic spread, s...

The axillary nodal status is accepted universally as the most powerful prognostic tool available for early stage breast cancer. The removal of level I and level II lymph nodes at axillary node dissection (ALND) is the most accurate method to assess nodal status, and it is the universal standard; however, it is associated with several adverse long-term sequelae. Lymphatic mapping with sentinel l...

BACKGROUND Neck dissection is the surgical gold standard for the treatment of patients with cervical lymphatic spread. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of metastases in the supraretrospinal (level IIB) nodal group and the necessity of routine dissection of level IIB during neck dissection, in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. METHODS Over a 4-year per...

BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest a proportion of patients with lymph node metastases will benefit from lymph node dissection (LND) at the time of nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). OBJECTIVE Our aim was to report the performance of five previously identified high-risk pathologic features assessed by intraoperative examination on prediction of lymph node metastases ...

As tumor grows within lung parenchyma or within bronchial wall, it ultimately invades lymphatic and vascular channels, resulting in spread to regional draining lymph nodes and remote metastatic sites, respectively. It appears that lymphatic spread occurs earlier than distant metastases, involving broncho-pulmonary (N1), mediastinal (N2-N3) and supra-clavicular lymph nodes (N3). The primary tumo...

are not metastases in the true sense, but ai( classified as secondary contact tumours, fQ1 example, the secondary contact carcinoma fount in the tibia following long standing ulceration undergoing malignant change. (2) By the lymphatic stream; a method disproved by Piney, who by his investigation^ confirmed the statement of Roger and Josue tha lymphatics could not be demonstrated in bone, a sta...