Yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv mutants were analyzed for their ability to bind and penetrate mammalian cell lines. Strains defective for the production of invasin and cured of the Yersinia virulence plasmid pIB1 were extremely defective for entry into the HEp-2 cell line. inv strains harboring the virulence plasmid partially overcame this defect, indicating that the virulence plasmid mediates ...

Background: Although the chemotherapeutic agents have been known for their cytotoxic effects on normal mammalian cells, these compounds are used widely for controlling the carcinogenic cells proliferation. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a well-known nitrogen mustard alkylating agent is used for autoimmune disorders and tumors treatment. Considering the inhibitory effect of CP on cell division, the ovar...

Polygodial (1) and its derivatives acetal 2 (propylene) and 3 (ethylene) were prepared and their antifeedant activity and toxic effects evaluated on several insect species with different feeding ecologies (Spodoptera littoralis, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi) along with that of polygonone (4). We also tested their selective cytotoxic effects on insect-derived ...

The use of endocytic uptake pathways to deliver poorly permeable molecules into mammalian cells is often plagued by entrapment and degradation of material in late endosomes and lysosomes. As a strategy to prevent the exposure of cargo to these highly hydrolytic membrane-sealed compartments, we synthesized derivatives of the membrane anchor N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine that selectively target ...

AIM To explore the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope protein 2 (E2) in the induction of apoptosis. METHODS A carboxyterminal truncated E2 (E2-661) was transiently expressed in several cultured mammalian cell lines or stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3H thymidine uptake. Apoptosis was examined by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow c...

the association of secreted frizzled related protein type 4 (sfrp4) as an antagonist of wnt mole-cules in apoptotic events has been reported previously. moreover, its increased expression has been reported in the ovary of women with polycystic ovary (pco). we have demonstrated in-creased sfrp4 in pco-induced rat ovary related to an increased number of apoptotic follicles showing nuclear ?cateni...

Objective(s): Filamentous bacteriophage M13 was genetically engineered to specifically target mammalian cells for gene delivery purpose. Materials and Methods: A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-specific nanobody was genetically fused to the capsid gene III of M13 bacteriophage (pHEN4/3VGR19). A mammalian expression construct containing Cop-green fluorescent protein (Cop-G...

Three mammalian cell lines were examined for their ability to metabolize the regulatory oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and derepress 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. In mouse L cell fibroblasts reductase activity was restored with the concomitant metabolism of 25-hydroxycholesterol via side-chain hydroxylation and scission of the C20-C22 bond. Chinese hamster lung cells did not appe...

Although mammalian sex is determined genetically, the sex-specific development of germ cells as sperm or oocytes is initiated by cues provided by the gonadal environment. During embryogenesis, germ cells in an ovary enter meiosis, thereby committing to oogenesis. By contrast, germ cells in a testicular environment do not enter meiosis until puberty. Recent findings indicate that the key to this...