The search for new materials via compositional exploration has recently led to the discovery of entropy stabilized and high ceramics. chemical diversity in cation sublattice ceramics many enhanced properties applications such as reversible energy storage, low temperature water splitting, amorphous-like thermal transport crystalline solids mechanical properties. This work describes synthesis (Hf...

A classical and quantum mechanical generalized second law of thermodynamics in cosmology implies constraints on the effective equation of state of the universe in the form of energy conditions, obeyed by many known cosmological solutions, and is compatible with entropy bounds which forbid certain cosmological singularities. In string cosmology the second law provides new information about the e...

Although we know that black holes are characterized by a temperature and an entropy, we do not yet have a satisfactory microscopic " statistical mechanical " explanation for black hole thermodynamics. I describe a new approach that attributes the thermodynamic properties to " would-be gauge " degrees of freedom that become dynamical on the horizon. For the (2+1)-dimensional black hole, this app...

Using a new regulator, we examine ’t Hooft’s approach for evaluating black hole entropy through a statistical-mechanical counting of states for a scalar field propagating outside the event horizon. We find that this calculation yields precisely the one-loop renormalization of the standard BekensteinHawking formula, S = A/(4G). Thus our result provides evidence confirming a suggestion by Susskin...

The trace over the degrees of freedom located in a subset of the space transforms the vacuum state into a mixed density matrix with non zero entropy. This geometric entropy is believed to be deeply related to the entropy of black holes. Indeed, previous calculations in the context of quantum field theory, where the result is actually ultraviolet divergent, have shown that the geometric entropy ...

Powering desalination by waste heat is often proposed to mitigate energy consumption and environmental impact; however, thorough technology comparisons are lacking in the literature. This work numerically models the efficiency of six representative desalination technologies powered by waste heat at 50, 70, 90, and 120 ◦C, where applicable. Entropy generation and Second Law efficiency analysis a...

High molecular weight copolyesters based on bile acid and ricinoleic acid were synthesised via entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerisations and were found to display tunable mechanical properties and heterogeneous degradation behaviours.

Entropies are among the most popular and promising complexity measures for biological signal analyses. Various types of entropy measures exist, including Shannon entropy, Kolmogorov entropy, approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), multiscale entropy (MSE), and so on. A fundamental question is which entropy should be chosen for a specific biological application. To solve this issue,...