Medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid. In this review, we provide a general overview of the classification, pathology, and clinical management of MTC. In the latter half, we survey the underlying genetic framework of MTC and its potential implications within a diagnostic and therapeutic context.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic cancer. Pathological features can define the biological behavior and prognosis. Medullary-like HCC is a very rare variant that has been described only twice in literature. In the present study, we report the case of a non-cirrhotic 72-year-old man, who presented two HCC lesions on routine screening for hepatitis C virus liver d...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which originates from thyroid parafollicular C cells, accounts for 3 to 5% of thyroid malignancies. MTC occurs either sporadically or in an inherited autosomal dominant manner. Hereditary MTC occurs as a familial MTC or as a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and B syndromes. A strong genotype-phenotype correlation has been observed between her...

The clinical, biochemical and pathological features of 31 patients with thyroid carcinoma managed at Hospital Universiti Sains Málaysia, Kubang Kerian from 1985 to 1989 were analyzed. There were 25 females and 6 males. The types of carcinoma were: papillary-17 cases; follicular-10 cases; medullary-2 cases and anaplastic-2 cases. For papillary carcinoma the mean age of the patients was 52.9 year...

Ectopic production of CRH by a medullary thyroid carcinoma or its metastases is a rare cause of ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS). We report a 45-year old male with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), who, 24 years following the initial diagnosis, presented with clinical and biochemical evidence of an ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. Rapid deterioration of his clinical condition and elevated co...

Human multiple endocrine neoplasia subtype 2A (MEN 2A) is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia or adenoma in the same individual. In this report, a case of a female Rottweiler with medullary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral pheochromocytoma and parathyroid adenoma was described. Clinical manifestations of muscle weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, d...

The study aimed at evaluating the effects of calcitriol and of its analogues on the proliferation of TT and rMTC cells (human and rat line tumour cells originating from thyroid medullary carcinoma) and at examining the effects of the substances on the secretion of the principal hormones of the cells, calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Cells of thyroid medullary carcinom...

The authors reported a twelve year and four-month old girl who had prolonged fever for 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed a painless enlarged thyroid gland with firm consistency. Hyperparathyroidism was suspected because of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, high level of serum alkaline phosphatase, and decreased density of long bones. Thyroid scan showed a cold nodule of the left upper lobe ...

BACKGROUND: Medullary thyroid cancer, a tumor of the parafollicular C cells, accounts for approximately 10% of all thyroid malignancies. An estimated 75% of cases are sporadic, and the remaining 25% are familial. METHODS: The author reviews the clinical features and diagnostic tests for this entity, as well as the surgical treatment of recurrent or persistent medullary carcinoma. RESULTS: Spora...