The composite of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can increase the electrical conductivity electrochemical active sites in favor application energy storage conversion. However, fabrication graphene/CNT hybrid material requires multiple steps to introduce two kinds catalysts for separate growth CNTs. Here, we report a one-step process situ grow seamless heterojunction using single catalyst c...

Counter electrodes (CEs) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are usually fabricated by depositing catalytic materials on substrates. The poor adhesion of the catalytic material to the substrate often results in the exfoliation of catalytic materials, and then the deterioration of cell performance or even the failure of DSCs. In this study, a highly adhesive surface layer is in situ grown on th...

As software systems become larger and more complex, developers require the ability to model abstract concepts while ensuring consistency across the entire project. The internet has changed the nature of software by increasing the desire for software deployment across multiple distributed platforms. Finally, increased dependence on technology requires assurance that designed software will perfor...

Date syrup powder is a new product which can be used as sugar substitute. First, the date syrupwas spread out on a foil and placed in the oven at 60°C for 24 hours. Date syrup was separated from the foil andgrinded. 2% agar and 2% starch were added and syrup with agar and starch that was in a lumpy shape werecrushed and spread on the foil and placed at 60°C for 24 hours. Powdered granules, agar...

A program is underway at Sandia National Laboratories to predict long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The vehicle for the reliability predictions is a system performance model, currently being run under a simulation software called GoldSimTM. The model includes inputs for module performance, irradiance, and degradation. In order to be truly predictive, physics-informed degradatio...