the cytokine of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the female reproductive tract and has embryonic trophic effect in mammals. the objective of this study was to examine the optimal dosage of gm-csf to improve the mouse embryo development in vitro. to collect two and eight cells embryos, the pregnant nmri mice were sacrificed by c...

A 3233 base pair (bp) sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP) gene is determined. From this region, a 3 kb fragment located 150 bp upstream from the transcriptional initiation site is isolated and fused to a LacZ reporter sequence. Transgenic mouse embryos of this fusion gene show spatially and temporally specific expression of LacZ protein...

Abstract Cellular metabolism provides fundamental components for chromatin dynamics and epigenetics. However, metabolic features, their impact on epigenetic remodeling during mammalian pre-implantation development, remain poorly understood. In this study, we established the landscape of mouse embryos from zygote to blastocyst, quantified absolute carbohydrate metabolites. We found that amino ac...

abstract background: research studies on reproductive mechanism of laboratory animals are essential for further advancement of assisted reproductive techniques (art). one of these studies includes the assessment of in-vitro development of pre-implantation embryos. the objective was to compare the cleavage rates and morphology of in-vivo formed 2 to 8 cell embryos and blastocysts with in-vitro c...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels secondary to absolute impairment of insulin secretion. Maternal diabetes has been demonstrated to adversely affect pre implantation embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. Emerging evidence has implicated that these effects are associated with compromised oocyte competence. Several developme...

Vitrification is a method of storing cells in a supercooled state, and is particularly useful for the cryostorage of embryos. With a supply of liquid nitrogen and simple apparatus, vitrification in the field situation is feasible and is potentially simpler and cheaper than the standard freezing processes. However, survival of embryos after vitrification has not yet proved better than after free...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) and piezo-assisted sperm injection after pretreatment with calcium ionophore (cai) on the mouse embryo development. methods: in this study, the conventional icsi and piezo-icsi procedures were used. the efficacy of the methods was examined after mouse matured oocytes were fertilized with or witho...

Here we report the use of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and morpholino technologies to specifically 'knock down' gene expression in early postimplantation mouse embryos. Sequence specific interference mediated by either dsRNA or by morpholino has been a useful tool for studying gene function in several organisms. However, specifically for the dsRNA, doubts have been raised about whether it could ...